The Banco de Mexico surprised the global bond market maggotry this week and raised short-term interest rates to head off inflation, a signal that "overheating" due to dollar weakness is becoming a problem. With a number of regional economies already struggling, news that the tide is going out in terms of world commodity prices and growth may add further to existing political pressures. Note also that the Bank of China just raised rates for same reason: internal bubble fueled by cheap dollars. Ironically, in both of these "overheating" economies, there are more people in poverty and lacking opportunities than ever before. Finally, everybody -- and I mean everybody -- assumes that investment grade status for Mexico means no sudden adjustments in the $/NP rate, but NP11 something per dollar is a bit rich, especially as the greenback rebounds. See market comment below with my comments in [].
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The Latin American Adviser
4/29/04
Overview: Ingredients for a Perfect Storm
Contact: Walter Molano [wmolano@msn.com]
Our worst nightmares may be coming to fruition. The JPM EMBI+ plunged 23 points, or 1.7% [in yield], on Wednesday to close at 480. Brazilian bonds were tattooed, losing 42 bps, or 2.4%, to end the session at 672 [over Treasury bonds]swaps]. Colombian bonds lost 1.6% and Venezuelan bonds surrendered 1.8% [in yield].
A combination of rising interest rates and plunging commodity prices created the perfect storm for Latin America. The yield on the 10-year Treasury soared to 4.5%, on the expectations that the U.S. economy was recovering. At the same time, commodity prices collapsed on the expectations that the Chinese authorities were going to take measures to slow their economy.
The CRB index dropped more than 5% during the last two weeks. Commodity prices opened much weaker in London this morning. A rise in interest rates and a decline in commodity prices is a nightmare situation for most of the Latin American countries, since they tend to be highly levered and dependent on commodity exports. The change in interest rates is the worst situation for countries, such as Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. Likewise, commodities represent almost 50% of Latin American exports. Chile, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela are the most affected by the decline in commodity prices. Countries, such as Mexico and Colombia, which diversified into manufacturing, will be affected less. In fact, the reactivation of the U.S. economy is good news for these two countries, since their manufacturing exports are destined for North America.
We believe that the commodity market is extremely vulnerable to a major correction. In addition to a possible hard landing in China, which will reduce the demand for commodities, there has been an avalanche of new supply coming to online. Formerly abandoned mines around the world, such as those in Minnesota, are back in operation. Mining giants, such as CVRD, are also bringing new production online. The same is occurring in the grain market. Uruguayan ranchers converted grazing land into soybean fields, allowing them to reap a quick windfall. Oil companies are reopening marginal oil fields, given that current prices support higher production costs. The result is a plethora of supply, at the same time that demand may be slacking. Therefore, the correction in commodity prices could be violent.
Unfortunately, Brazil and Ecuador are in the crosshairs, given their high leverage and heavy dependence on commodities. That is why we repeat our mantra. Maintain a defensive position! Reduce duration and beta. Look for assets that are lowly correlated with the core markets. Even though Argentina may be affected by a decline in commodity prices, it is in the process of restructuring its debt. Therefore, a change in interest rates has no affect on Argentine bond prices. Of course, the decline in commodity prices will influence Argentina's growth prospects, but we believe that the correction in commodity prices will be temporary. We believe commodity prices will soar after the shakeout. The reinsertion of China and the India, representing more than 35% of the worlds population, is a permanent process. And, this will ensure a continuous bid for commodities.
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Explain Economics to us Plebes, Please
Submitted April 29, 2004 - 8:32 pm by Al GiordanoI'm excited to have an economics genius like you blogging here but I'm also scratching my head trying to figure out what this information means, practically, to daily life and the future in our América...
Like, um, can we start with a glossary of terms?
- "short term interest rates"
- "overheating"
- "dollar weakness"
- $/NP rate (dollar to Mexican New Peso?)
- "greenback rebounds"
- JPM EMBI+
- bps
- CRB index
- "reduce duration and beta"
- "lowly correlated with core markets"
I think I "get" the basic idea: Some shit outside of Latin America's control may cause prices to drop very fast on the goods they export, and this may cause more poverty, misery, and instability. This shit was never decided democratically, nobody got to vote on it, but it could hurt people's daily lives more than the decisions made in an election or by a Congress. Then, once Latin America's economies, especially Brazil's, are screwed again, and they have to let more rich motherfuckers invest on the ground floor in the stuff Latin America has available for sale, the prices on those goods will at some point soar high again, perhaps higher than they are today.How am I doin' so far?
Now, I know this kind of soothsaying is sometimes like a weather report: Weathermen say rain, you cancel your beach trip, only to find it was a fine and sunny day. Only, in this case, the sun and rain are watching the weather report, too, and gambling on their own behavior for tomorrow.
Final question: How does this kind of economic trend effect, if at all, the price and availability of cocaine and other prohibited drugs?